The Voynich Botanical Plants

Folio 93r. Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus). Artichokes were cultivated by the Greeks and Romans over two thousand years ago. The blue thistle flowers dry out as they age. The erect stalk has alternate thistle-like leaves. The green paint used to paint the leaves of this VM drawing may have covered up the serrated edges of the leaves. The bud, is the part of the artichoke eaten. It aids digestion, hepatic and gallbladder function and raises the HDL/LDL ratio. (1) (C)