The Voynich Botanical Plants

Folio 96v. Black Byrony (Tamus communis) is a species of flowering plant in the yam family. The fleshy black root is very poisonous and should not be used to induce vomiting. It is used topically to reduce bruising, strains, and the pain of gout and arthritis by stimulating the nerve endings of the skin with needle–like crystals (1). Black byrony is a dangerous irritant poison. It is a powerful diuretic and was once used as a remedy for gravel. An overdose would result in a painful death. (4) (B)